Internship and apprenticeship: Organisational features of apprenticeship schemes in some European countries and the role of higher education institutions. The case of Albania

This paper explores the role of higher education institutions (HEIs) in supporting graduate employability through structured internship and apprenticeship models, with a
focus on Albania. While internships and apprenticeships are well-developed in several EU countries, Albania lacks a dual system embedded within higher education. The paper examines relevant policy frameworks, legal structures, and comparative European models to highlight pathways for integrating work-based learning in Albanian HEIs. Based on a desk review of national legislation, international reports, and academic sources, the study identifies opportunities and challenges for aligning HEI practices with regional mobility and labour market demands. Recommendations include piloting structured apprenticeship schemes within HEIs, supported by legal reforms and employer partnerships. Key findings suggest the need for co-designed curricula and stronger employer engagement to align with EU models.